Control of quantum coherence and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of structured photon pairs

Accurately controlling quantum coherence and Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference of two-photon states is crucial for their applications in quantum sensing and quantum imaging. In this study, we have developed a comprehensive theory of HOM interference of three-dimensional (3D) structured photon pairs. Our findings reveal that the HOM dip and peak are primarily determined by the combined exchange-reflection symmetry of the two-photon wave-packet function. More specifically, we propose precise control of the quantum coherence of two-photon pulses by engineering their transverse-plane phases. These results could potentially stimulate new experimental researches and applications of optical quantum coherence.