Dynamics of Light Localization via Coherent Control: The Interplay of Transmission, Absorption and Disorder in Photonic Crystals

This study examines the dynamic relationship between the Lyapunov exponent, absorption, and structural disorder to exploit localization phenomena in photonic crystals. We study systems where random variations in the refractive index of one of the bilayers introduce disorder, while a defect layer features non-uniform doping with $\Lambda$-type atoms and enables coherent modulation of effective refractive index. The coherent control permits the active tuning of absorption, Lyapunov exponent, and localization characteristics in disordered regimes. A striking contrast in the absorption and Lyapunov spectra is observed for band gap and band edge frequencies, highlighting distinct localization behaviors. These findings advance understanding of light-matter interactions and field localization in disordered systems, offering pathways for tailored photonic devices.