Efficiency Models for GaN-based Light-Emitting Diodes: Status and Challenges

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on Gallium Nitride (GaN) have been revolutionizing various applications in lighting, displays, medical equipment, and other fields. However, their energy efficiency is still below expectations in many cases. An unprecedented diversity of theoretical models has been developed for efficiency analysis and GaN-LED design optimization. This review paper provides an overview of the modeling landscape and pays special attention to the influence of III-nitride material properties. It thereby identifies some key challenges and directions for future improvements.