Energy Scalability Limits of mid-IR Femtosecond Pulse Oscillators

In this study, we apply statistical mechanics to elucidate the primary constraints on energy scaling in mid-infrared (mid-IR) chirped-pulse oscillators (CPO). We identify two critical factors confining the CPO energy scaling: the rise of the dissipative soliton entropy with energy, which leads to its disintegration, and the excitation of quantum noise leading to multipulsing. Our analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of these limitations, paving the way for optimizing high-energy femtosecond pulse generation in mid-IR CPO systems.