Light Focusing through Dynamic Media via Real-Valued Intensity Transmission Matrix

Precise light delivery through biological tissue is essential for deep-tissue imaging and phototherapeutic applications. Wavefront shaping enables control over scattered light by modulating the incident wavefront, but its application in living tissue is hindered by tissue-induced temporal decorrelation. This study systematically investigated the real-valued intensity transmission matrix (RVITM), a high-speed wavefront shaping method, for light focusing across a broad range of speckle decorrelation times. The inherent trade-off between static light focusing enhancement and implementation speed is characterized, which provided practical guidelines for implementing RVITM in real-time wavefront shaping under varying dynamic conditions. Effective optical focusing using a RVITM with 33 ms runtime was achieved through porcine liver with decorrelation times as short as 13 ms, demonstrating feasibility for biologically relevant dynamics and supporting the development of adaptive, non-invasive optical control for biomedical applications.