Multipolar Decomposition of Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Arbitrarily Shaped Magneto-Dielectric Scatterers

Multipole expansion methods have been primarily used for analyzing the electromagnetic scattering from non-magnetic isotropic dielectric scatterers, and studies about the scattering from magnetic objects seem to be lacking. In this work, we used the multipolar expansion framework for decomposing the electromagnetic scattering by dielectric particles with magnetic properties. Magnetization current contributions were explicitly accounted for by using the vector spherical harmonics to compute the electric and magnetic multipole contributions of arbitrary order. The exact analytical expressions for the corresponding spherical multipole coefficients were employed, with the scattering efficiencies being used to distinguish the dielectric and magnetic contributions of each multipole. This enables the analysis of scattering from arbitrarily shaped, anisotropic, and inhomogeneous magnetic scatterers. It also provides a tool for studying non-reciprocal devices that exploit magnetic resonances in magnetic-dielectric materials. Calculations were made for an experimentally feasible system, namely for ferrite-based scatterers operating in the microwave regime. These materials are of interest in radio frequency (RF) applications due to their magnetic activity. We demonstrated analytically that the magnetic circular dichroism in a magnetic-dielectric scatterer in the Faraday geometry can be decomposed into individual multipole contributions. The analytical results indicate that multipole resonances associated with magnetization currents can be even stronger than multipole contributions from conventional dielectric currents. It is worth noting that these analytical results were verified through comparison with numerical results from finite element method (FEM) simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics.