New Generalized Expressions for the Electromagnetic Fields of the Hybrid Modes of an Optical Fiber Using Complex and Bi-Complex Mathematics

The electromagnetic fields of the hybrid modes of an optical fiber are reformulated using bi-complex mathematics, which leads to simpler expressions relative to those found with the widely used, conventional complex formulation. Generalized expressions for the electromagnetic fields are also found using both formulations for comparative purposes. Furthermore, the feasibility of bi-complex mathematics is investigated for the derivation of the modal powers, orthogonality relations, and the weakly-guided fiber approximation