Proposing an ultra-low loss Sodium-Based Triangular Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide

Highly confined and long-range deep subwavelength optical propagation is crucial for photonic integration. Surface plasmon polaritons provide a scientific method for high-density photonic integration and low-loss optical field transmission. In this research, we introduce a triangular hybrid plasmonic waveguide in which a triangular nanowire is separated by a layer of SiO₂ from a Na substrate and fixed with columns of SiO₂. The properties of the propagation modes have been analyzed using the finite element method at the 1550nm wavelength. The results show that we have normalized mode area = 1.6×10¯³, effective index = 1.0124, propagation length = 660 µm, and figure of merit = 5410 simultaneously. Because of the field concentration at the tip of the triangle, a lower loss, higher confinement, and longer propagation length have been attained. In addition, the fabricating method of the proposed waveguide has been proposed and discussed. These findings of the triangular hybrid plasmonic waveguides make them widely used in many fields, including telecommunications, sensors, lasers, and optical technologies.