Real-time Phase Retrieval in Division of Aperture Microscopy with the Transport of Intensity Equation

The transport of intensity equation (TIE) allows to recover the phase of a microscopy sample from differently focused intensity measures along the axial direction of its optical field. In the present work we propose a cost-effective technique for snapshot phase retrieval with TIE. The optics of a commercially available camera is replaced with a doublet system consisting of a microscope objective and a lenslet array with an extra lens mask attached to it. The system allows to obtain in real-time and with no mechanical shift of either the sample or the sensor the in-focus as well as a defocused image of the sample. From these two sub-aperture images intensity derivative term in TIE can then be approximated after image rectification. Phase is then retrieved for static as well as dynamic samples over the common view area. Validation experiments are presented.