The Control of the Elementary Quantum Systems Radiation Using Metamaterials and Nanometaparticles

The most important direction in the development of fundamental and applied physics is the study of the properties of optical systems at the nanoscale in order to create optical and quantum computers, biosensors, single-photon sources for quantum informatics, devices for DNA sequencing, sensors of various fields, etc. In all these cases, nanoscale light sources - dye molecules, quantum dots (epitaxial or colloidal), color centers in crystals, and nanocontacts in metals - are of key importance. In the nanoenvironment, the characteristics of these elementary quantum systems - pumping rates, radiative and non-radiative decay rates, the local density of states, lifetimes, level shifts - experience changes that can be used intentionally to create nanoscale light sources with desired properties. This review presents an analysis of actual theoretical and experimental works in the field of elementary quantum systems radiation control using plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures, metamaterials, and nanoparticles made from metamaterials.